青藏高原兹格塘错流域50年来湖泊水量对气候变化响应的模拟研究     

沈华东  才革 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(3):282-287

运用数值模拟建立青藏高原兹格塘错流域土壤、植被、气候等的空间和属性数据库;接着,借助分布式流域尺度水文模型（SWAT模型）,对兹格塘错1956—2006年间的流量进行模拟实验;最后,反演50年来兹格塘错流域水文过程,测试流域温度、降水和蒸发组合的敏感因子对湖泊水量变化的效应,探讨50年来湖泊水量对气候变化的响应。模拟实验的边界条件设置为自然地形、土壤、植被覆盖,其中土壤资料包括有机质含量、粒径等理化参数。模拟结果表明：兹格塘错的年平均流量为6.3m3/s,流量高峰集中在8月至10月,并且由于融雪补给的关系,3月出现另一个流量高峰;模拟结果与遥感解译所得到的结果吻合较好。敏感实验表明：兹格塘错流域内温度、降水和蒸发组合的敏感因子实验具有高原特征,即高原湖泊的水文过程和湖泊流量变化有着较为敏感的响应关系;兹格塘错流量受降水的影响最大,随着降水的增加,流量有所增加;在温度升高的情况下,流域蒸发量增加速度大,兹格塘错流量增加的效应不明显,而在冷湿模式下,流域蒸发量降低,兹格塘错流量增加显著。  相似文献   

Modelling hydrological processes influenced by soil,rock and vegetation in a small karst basin of southwest China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhicai Zhang  Xi Chen  Anas Ghadouani  Peng Shi 《水文研究》2011,25(15):2456-2470

Hydrological processes in karst basins are controlled by permeable multimedia, consisting of soil pores, epikarst fractures, and underground conduits. Distributed modelling of hydrological dynamics in such heterogeneous hydrogeological conditions is a challenging task. Basing on the multilayer structure of the distributed hydrology‐soil‐vegetation model (DHSVM), a distributed hydrological model for a karst basin was developed by integrating mathematical routings of porous Darcy flow, fissure flow and underground channel flow. Specifically, infiltration and saturated flow movement within epikarst fractures are expressed by the ‘cubic law’ equation which is associated with fractural width, direction, and spacing. A small karst basin located in Guizhou province of southwest China was selected for this hydrological simulation. The model parameters were determined on the basis of field measurement and calibrated against the observed soil moisture contents, vegetation interception, surface runoff, and underground flow discharges from the basin outlet. The results show that due to high permeability of the epikarst zone, a significant amount of surface runoff is only generated after heavy rainfall events during the wet season. Rock exposure and the epikarst zone significantly increase flood discharge and decrease evapotranspiration (ET) loss; the peak flood discharge is directly proportional to the size of the aperture. Distribution of soil moisture content (SMC) primarily depends on topographic variations just after a heavy rainfall, while SMC and actual ET are dominated by land cover after a period of consecutive non‐rainfall days. The new model was able to capture the sharp increase and decrease of the underground streamflow hydrograph, and as such can be used to investigate hydrological effects in such rock features and land covers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Oceanic Origin of A Recent La Nina-Like Trend in the Tropical Pacific   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Liping  WU Lixin  YU Lisan 《大气科学进展》2011,28(5):1109-1117

Global ocean temperature has been rising since the late 1970s at a speed unprecedented during the past century of recordkeeping.This accelerated warming has profound impacts not only on the marine ecosystem and oceanic carbon uptake but also on the global water cycle and climate.During this rapid warming period,the tropical Pacific displays a pronounced La Nin a-like trend,characterized by an intensification of west-east SST gradient and of atmospheric zonal overturning circulation,namely the Walker circulation.This La Nin a-like trend differs from the El Nin o-like trend in warm climate projected by most climate models,and cannot be explained by responses of the global water cycle to warm climate.The results of this study indicate that the intensification of the zonal SST gradient and the Walker circulation are associated with recent strengthening of the upper-ocean meridional overturning circulation.  相似文献   

一种基于横向或纵向扫描线处理的填洼算法     

刘永和  冯锦明  邵月红  徐精文 《测绘科学》2015,40(2):145-149

针对传统PlanchouDarbous算法采用递归执行方式导致处理效率低下等问题,该文提出了一种适合基于CUDA的GPU并行执行的DEM洼地填充算法。此算法采用淹没-排水思路,多次推进式扫描完成排水;在串行执行和并行执行两种方式下,算法处理有所差异,其中串行算法代码更短;串行算法的时间复杂度为O(n),测试结果表明串行执行时快于PlanchonDarboux算法,且在CUDA环境下的并行执行用时不到串行执行用时的一半。算法思路简单,易于编程实现。  相似文献   

潮白河流域降水演变及其径流效应     

陈似蓝  刘家宏  王浩  杨汉波  邵薇薇  高学睿 《水文》2015,35(3):38-42

分析了潮白河流域1991~2000年降水资料时空演变规律,采用同倍比放大法对各年的降水数据进行整体轮换处理,处理后各年总降水量为1991~2000年的平均年降水量。随后基于GBHM(Geomorphology-Based Hydrological Model)模型进行了10年径流量模拟。结果显示,在降水总量相同的情况下,1994年型降水时空分布最有利于产流,径流总量与峰值流量最大,1999年型径流总量与峰值流量最小。1994年型径流总量是1999年型径流总量的3.88倍;1994年型峰值流量是1999年型峰值流量的35.87倍。由此可见,降水总量相同时,其时空分布对径流总量和峰值的影响极大。  相似文献   

淮河流域水文非线性多水源时变增益模型研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

万蕙  夏军  张利平  宋霁云  佘敦先 《水文》2015,35(3):14-19

基于传统时变增益模型(TVGM),进一步考虑地下径流退水,在传统TVGM只考虑单一地表水源的基础上,添加地下水源模块,对地表地下径流分别进行产、汇流计算,改进并提出了多水源TVGM,并将其应用于淮河流域蚌埠闸以上13个水文站控制的代表性子流域。结果表明:多水源TVGM既继承了传统TVGM以简单结构描述复杂水文非线性系统关系的优点,同时通过增加地下水源模块,大大提高了洪水预报的精度。13个子流域参数率定期和模型验证期中,传统TVGM分别有9个和7个子流域达到乙级洪水预报标准,而多水源TVGM分别提高到12个和8个,其中以大型流域和大水年改进效果尤佳。传统TVGM水量平衡系数为0.88,多水源TVGM提高到0.95,平均提高了7%。洪峰模拟相对误差也由传统TVGM的50%达标率提高到多水源TVGM的92.3%,整体提高了42.3%。因此,多水源TVGM能更好的应用于淮河流域洪水预报工作。  相似文献   

分布式水文模型的GPU并行化及快速模拟技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘永和  冯锦明  徐文鹏 《水文》2015,35(4):20-26

分布式水文模型对流域水文过程的应用深度及广度不断加深,常与数值天气及气候预报相结合,面临巨大的计算量。近年来GPU技术的进步使普通电脑能够实现高效而又廉价的并行计算。提出了资料插值、单元产流以及单元汇流采用GPU并行计算,马斯京根法河道汇流采用一种非并行的递归方法。基于笔记本电脑和NVIDIA GPU/CUDA结合C#语言,由分布式新安江模型在沂河流域的模拟应用表明,降水量空间插值及新安江产流的并行执行效率为普通CPU上C#的8~9倍。使用直接递归法实现马斯京根汇流演算比以往采用汇流次序表的执行效率提升0.5~0.9倍。  相似文献   

水文重力效应改正中一维地下水模拟算法的对比     

贺前钱  孙和平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(5):529-532

基于一维地下水渗透方程详细推导其有限差分解算过程，引入不同于显式差分的隐式差分和中心差分格式，对比分析不同差分格式对地下水模拟结果及其相应地下水重力效应的影响，并对其中的层间参数取值和非线性方程的线性化问题进行探讨。结果表明，在日本Isawa扇形地区超导台站，不同层间参数加权公式能够引起最大约0.15 μGal的重力效应差异，影响在1.9%以内；不同差分格式和线性化方法组合形式能够引起最大约0.12 μGal的重力效应差异，影响在1.5%以内。  相似文献   

Quantifying the impacts of climate change and land use on hydrological processes: A comparison between mountain and lowland agricultural watersheds     

Zhen Cui  Jiacong Huang  Feng Tian  Junfeng Gao  Xuesong Wang  Jun Li 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5370-5383

Mountain and lowland watersheds are two distinct geographical units with considerably different hydrological processes. Understanding their hydrological processes in the context of future climate change and land use scenarios is important for water resource management. This study investigated hydrological processes and their driving factors and eco-hydrological impacts for these two geographical units in the Xitiaoxi watershed, East China, and quantified their differences through hydrological modelling. Hydrological processes in 24 mountain watersheds and 143 lowland watersheds were simulated based on a raster-based Xin'anjiang model and a Nitrogen Dynamic Polder (NDP) model, respectively. These two models were calibrated and validated with an acceptable performance (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.81 and 0.50, respectively) for simulating discharge for mountain watersheds and water level for lowland watersheds. Then, an Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) model was used to help quantify the alterations to the hydrological process and their resulting eco-hydrological impacts. Based on the validated models, scenario analysis was conducted to evaluate the impacts of climate and land use changes on the hydrological processes. The simulation results revealed that (a) climate change would cause a larger increase in annual runoff than that under land use scenario in the mountain watersheds, with variations of 19.9 and 10.5% for the 2050s, respectively. (b) Land use change was more responsible for the streamflow increment than climate change in the lowland watersheds, causing an annual runoff to increase by 27.4 and 16.2% for the 2050s, respectively. (c) Land use can enhance the response of streamflow to the climatic variation. (d) The above-mentioned hydrological variations were notable in flood and dry season in the mountain watersheds, and they were significant in rice season in the lowland watersheds. (e) Their resulting degradation of ecological diversity was more susceptible to future climate change in the two watersheds. This study demonstrated that mountain and lowland watersheds showed distinct differences in hydrological processes and their responses to climate and land use changes.  相似文献   

Runoff response of a small agricultural basin in the argentine Pampas considering connectivity aspects     

María Guadalupe Ares  Marcelo Varni  Celio Chagas 《水文研究》2020,34(14):3102-3119

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